Due to the aging and injury outer layer of the disc membrane can dry out and form cracks. This causes deformations and fractures the disc. Often a herniated disc causes strain and is not broken disk.
- Bulging disc. Part of a gel-like material (core) of the filling disk, can escape from the cracks in the membrane. The disc can begin to bulge between the bones of the spine (vertebrae). Often it sticks out away from the spinal cord and nerve roots, so do not cause symptoms.
- Perforated disc. The core material inside the disc breaks through the membrane.
- Loose fragments. Fragments of the perforated disc can be completely separated from the drive and enter the spinal cord.
Any of these steps can cause pressure on the nerve root and the symptoms of pain and numbness.
Cracks in the membrane of the disc itself is not "repaired", but the pain usually goes away with time. About 50% of people with a herniated disc in the lumbar spine recover after 1 month. Most recover within 6 months.
Often a herniated disc material breaks down and is absorbed by the body. This process is called "resorption". In 2 of 3 people herniated disc at least partially passes through six months. Can develop long-term problems with a herniated disc.
- The pain may come and go. The times when the pain goes away (remission) occur less frequently.
- Long-term (chronic) and recurrent pain may occur due to prolonged tissue irritation caused by the pressure of the disc on the nerve.
- Cindrom chronic pain can lead to depression, anxiety and difficulties in everyday life.
- The symptoms caused by prolonged pressure on the nerve roots, include loss of mobility, strength and sensitivity of both legs and feet.
The pressure on the nerve roots in the lower back can cause weakness in both legs, loss of bladder control, bowel and sexual function. It is a rare disease called "cauda equina syndrome" and requires immediate treatment for medical help.
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